Erythrocephalum longifolium Oliv.

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Photo: Stefaan Dondeyne
Tsetsera

Photo: Bart Wursten
Along road from Nhabawa to Chikukwa, Chimanimani National Reserve

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Synonyms:	Erythrocephalum aostae Buscal. & Muschl. Erythrocephalum bicolor Merxm. Erythrocephalum castellaneum Buscal. & Muschl. Erythrocephalum helenae Buscal. & Muschl. Erythrocephalum niassae Wild Erythrocephalum nutans Benth. ex Oliv. Erythrocephalum zambesianum Oliv. & Hiern
Common names:	Red rays (English)
Frequency:	Locally frequent
Status:	Native
Description:	Erect suffrutex, 12-80 cm. Stems arising from a woody rootstock, zigzag above with leaves crowded in upper part. Leaves sessile: lamina 7-22 × 1.5-7.5 cm, elliptic to lanceolate, green, thinly arachnoid above, persistently appressed, greyish arachnoid-lanate beneath; base semi-amplexicaul and subauriculate; margin sharply serrulate. Capitula solitary and terminal or 2-6 terminal on branches. Involucre 10-22 mm. Receptacular scales 10-15 mm, triangular-lorate, reddish-purple tipped. Rays 14-30 mm, deep-red. Achenes 5-6 mm, angular-barrel-shaped, 5-ribbed, minutely pubescent. Pappus setae 6-9 mm.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	zambesianum: of the Zambezi area, a general reference to the countries forming the watershed of the Zambezi River, where this species is mostly found.
Habitat:	In high rainfall miombo woodland and grassland.
Altitude range:	980 - 1930 m
Flowering time:	Dec - Mar
Worldwide distribution:	Tanzania and the DRC south to Zimbabwe and Mozambique
Mozambique distribution:	N,Z,T,MS
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Content last updated:	Sunday 2 February 2020
Literature:	Baumann, G. (2005). Photographic Guide to Wildflowers of Malawi Wildlife and Environmental Society of Malawi Pages 168 - 169. As Erythrocephalum zambesianum (Includes a picture). Beentje, H.J. (ed.) (2000). Compositae (Part 1) Flora of Tropical East Africa Pages 27 - 29. (Includes a picture). Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 93. As Erythrocephalum zambesianum (Includes a picture). Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 31. As Erythrocephalum zambesianum Linley, K. & Baker, B. (1972). Flowers of the Veld Bundu Series Longman Zimbabwe Page 116. As Erythrocephalum zambesianum (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 25. As Erythrocephalum zambesianum Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 30. As Erythrocephalum zambesianum Plowes, D.C.H. & Drummond, R.B. (1990). Wild Flowers of Zimbabwe. Revised edition. Longman, Zimbabwe. No. 142, plate 185 As Erythrocephalum zambesianum Pope, G.V. (1992). Compositae Flora Zambesiaca 6(1) Pages 21 - 23. As Erythrocephalum zambesianum (Includes a picture). Wild, H. (1972). New and Interesting Compositae from South Central Africa, 1 Kirkia 8(2) Pages 169 - 170. As Erythrocephalum nyassae Wild, H. (1972). The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area. 3. Mutisieae. Kirkia 8(2) Pages 174 - 175. also as Eryhtrocephalum nyassae

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