Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I. Wood

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Photo: Stefaan Dondeyne
At waterfall in Mussapa pequeno, lower Chimanimani Mts

Photo: Stefaan Dondeyne
Small stream crossing, road to Chikukwa, lower Chimanimani Mts

Photo: Bart Wursten
Vunduzi River near Mt Bunga, Gorongosa National Park.

Photo: Bart Wursten
Along Muasapa Pequeno River, Nhahomba area, Chimanimani National Reserve

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Synonyms:	Adina microcephala Delile Breonadia microcephala (Delile) Ridsdale Nauclea microcephala Delile
Common names:	Matumi (English) Nghonha (Sena) Rhodesian redwood (English)
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Medium to large evergreen tree. Leaves in whorls of 3 to 5 near the ends of branches, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, leathery, dark green with the midrib yellow, raised conspicuously. Flowers in small axillary spherical heads of numerous minute, yellowish flowers. Fruits a small ball of capsules.
Notes:	Superficially similar, in leaf, to Rauvolfia caffra, which often also grows along low altitude rivers. However, Rauvolfia has milky latex which Breonadia does not.
Derivation of specific name:	salicina: willow-like, resembling a Salix
Habitat:	In low-altitude riverine forest.
Altitude range:	Up to 1110 m
Flowering time:	Nov - Dec
Worldwide distribution:	Tropical and sub-tropical Africa, Yemen and Madagascar; Cameroon, Mali, South Sudan to South Africa, Eswatini and Angola.
Mozambique distribution:	N,Z,T,MS,M
Growth form(s):	Tree, shrub over 2 m.
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Content last updated:	Saturday 27 April 2019
Literature:	Bridson, D.M. & Verdcourt, B. (2003). Rubiaceae, Part 3 Flora Zambesiaca 5(3) Pages 416 - 418. (Includes a picture). Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 948. (Includes a picture). Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 10. Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa *Coates Palgrave, K. et al.* (1956).** Trees of Central Africa National Publications Trust, Salisbury. Pages 381 - 384. as Adina microcephala (Includes a picture). Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 99. Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 274. As Adina microcephala Fanshawe, D.B. (). District vegetation reports Division of Forest Research, Kitwe (roneo). Fanshawe, D.B. (1971). The Vegetation of Zambia. Division of Forest Research, Kitwe. Fowler, D.G. (2007). Zambian Plants: Their Vernacular Names and Uses, Kew Publishing Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Schmidt, E., Lötter, M. & McCleland, W. (2002). Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park Jacana, Johannesburg, South Africa Pages 616 - 617. (Includes a picture). Siebert, S. & Mössmer, M. (Editors) (2002). SABONET Southern Mozambique Expedition 2001; Provisional Plant Checklist of the Maputo Elephant Reserve (MER) and Licuati Forest Reserve (LFR) SABONET News 7(1) Page 28. Steedman, E.C. (1933). Some Trees, Shrubs and Lianes of Southern Rhodesia. Page 77. As Adina microcephala Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 160. Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (1997). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa. Struik, South Africa Pages 364 - 365. (Includes a picture). Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (2013). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa (Second edition) Struik, South Africa Pages 426 - 427. (Includes a picture). White, F. (1962). Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia Oxford Univ. Press. White, F. (1983). The Vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir. UNESCO, Paris White, F., Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Chapman, J.D. (2001). Evergreen forest flora of Malawi Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Pages 462 - 464.

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Flora of Malawi: Breonadia salicina
Flora of Zambia: Breonadia salicina
Flora of Zimbabwe: Breonadia salicina

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Breonadia salicina
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Breonadia salicina
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Breonadia salicina
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Breonadia salicina
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iNaturalist: Breonadia salicina
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Breonadia salicina
JSTOR Plant Science: Breonadia salicina
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Breonadia salicina
Plants of the World Online: Breonadia salicina
Tropicos: Breonadia salicina
Wikipedia: Breonadia salicina