Graderia scabra (L.f.) Benth.

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Photo: Stefaan Dondeyne
Tsetsera plateau

Photo: Bart Wursten
Along path from Mevumodzi River valley toward The "Anthill" plateau, Chimanimani mountains

Photo: Bart Wursten
Above stream flowing from Bakoramambo towards Mevumodzi, Chimanimani mountains.

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Synonyms:	Bopusia scabra (L.f.) C. Presl Gerardia scabra L.f. Melasma zeyheri Hook. Sopubia scabra (L.f.) G. Don
Common names:	Pink ground-bells (English)
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	More or less erect perennial herb with annual stems, up to 30 cm tall, growing from a strong woody rootstock. Leaves subopposite or alternate, 1-3 cm long, lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, subsessile, 3-5-veined, with rough hairs on both surfaces; margin with large lobe-like teeth. Flowers in the axils the upper leaves. Corolla funnel-shaped, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, purple-mauve or pink. Capsule c. 7 × 6 mm, strongly longitudinally compressed, appearing winged, embedded in the persistent calyx.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	scabra: scabrid or rough, referring to the hairs on the leaves and stems.
Habitat:	In montane grassland.
Altitude range:	1500 - 2400 m
Flowering time:	Sep - Dec
Worldwide distribution:	Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa.
Mozambique distribution:	MS
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Content last updated:	Wednesday 3 August 2016
Literature:	Bandeira, S., Bolnick, D. & Barbosa, F. (2007). Wild Flowers of Southern Mozambique Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique Page 181. (Includes a picture). Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 265. (Includes a picture). Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 29. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 78. Philcox, D. (1990). Scrophulariaceae Flora Zambesiaca 8(2) Pages 150 - 151. (Includes a picture). Plowes, D.C.H. & Drummond, R.B. (1990). Wild Flowers of Zimbabwe. Revised edition. Longman, Zimbabwe. No. 111, plate 149 Pooley, E. (1998). A Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Region. Natal Flora Publications Trust. Durban. Pages 430 - 431. (Includes a picture). Wursten, B., Timberlake, J. & Darbyshire, I. (2017). The Chimanimani Mountains: an updated checklist. Kirkia 19(1) Page 96.

Other sources of information about Graderia scabra:

Our websites:

Flora of Malawi: Graderia scabra
Flora of Zimbabwe: Graderia scabra

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Graderia scabra
African Plant Database: Graderia scabra
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Graderia scabra
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Graderia scabra
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Graderia scabra
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Graderia scabra
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Graderia scabra
JSTOR Plant Science: Graderia scabra
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Graderia scabra
Plants of the World Online: Graderia scabra
Tropicos: Graderia scabra
Wikipedia: Graderia scabra